http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11 2026-02-05T21:42:38Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/17417 Título : Offshore wind energy in the Iberian Peninsula: A comparative analysis of availability, persistence, and complementarity with onshore wind and solar photovoltaic generation Autor : López de la Franca, Noelia; Gaertner, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez, Enrique; Gutiérrez, Claudia; Ortega, María; Gallardo, Clemente Resumen : Incorporating renewable energy sources is crucial to achieve European climate neutrality by 2050. The Iberian Peninsula (IP) is a benchmark in this regard, with significant potential in offshore wind energy. This study analyzes availability, persistence, complementarity, and synergy with existing solar and onshore wind sources, using the COSMO-REA6 reanalysis and real generation data from iberian electricity grids. Offshore wind energy exhibits higher availability and lower seasonal variability compared to solar and onshore wind, particularly at medium-high capacity factor thresholds. Offshore wind energy shows significant potential to complement solar and onshore wind energy, especially in summer, when peak electricity demand occurs. The great geographical diversity of offshore wind resources determines substantial differences in the complementarity characteristics of the representative offshore wind areas in A Coruña, Girona, Malaga and Lisboa. Thus, the incorporation of offshore wind energy into the Iberian renewable energy mix can reduce dependence on a single energy source, increase energy security and mitigate the risk of energy shortages, especially during peak demand periods. This integration is aligned with the objectives of the European Green Deal and supports the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system in the IP. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/17349 Título : Quantifying CO emissions from boreal wildfires by assimilating TROPOMI and TCCON observations Autor : Voshtani, Sina; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Wunch, Debra; Pendergrass, Drew C.; Wennberg, Paul O.; Pollard, David F.; Morino, Isamu; Ohyama, Hirofumi; Deutscher, Nicholas Michael; Hase, Frank; Sussmann, Ralf; Weidmann, Damien; Kivi, Rigel; García Rodríguez, Omaira Elena; Te, Yao; Chen, Jack; Anderson, Kerry; Stevens, Robin; Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhu, Aihua; Worthy, Douglas E.; Racki, Senen; McKain, Kathryn; Makarova, Maria; Jones, Nicholas; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Cadena-Caicedo, Andrea; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Labuschagne, Casper; Kozlova, Elena; Seitz, Thomas; Steinbacher, Martin; Mahdi, Reza; Murata, Isao Resumen : We perform a global inverse modelling analysis to quantify biomass burning emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from the extreme wildfires in Canada between May and September 2023. Using the GEOS-Chem model, we assimilated observations at 3 d temporal and 2° × 2.5° horizontal resolution from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) separately and then jointly with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements. We also evaluated prior emissions from the Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED), Blended Global Biomass Burning Emissions Product eXtended (GBBEPx), Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), and Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System (CFFEPS). The assimilation of TROPOMI-only measurements estimated posterior North America emissions for QFED, GBBEPx, GFAS, and CFFEPS of 110.4 ± 20, 112.8 ± 20, 127.2 ± 17, and 125.6 ± 18 Tg CO compared to prior estimates of 37.1, 42.7, 91.0, and 90.2 Tg CO, respectively. The joint assimilation of TROPOMI+TCCON reduced the posterior 1σ uncertainty on the North American emission estimates by up to about 30 %, while showing only a modest impact (<5 %) on the mean estimate of the inferred emissions. An evaluation against independent measurements reveals that adding TCCON data increases the correlations and slightly lowers the biases and standard deviations. Additionally, including an experimental TCCON product at East Trout Lake with higher surface sensitivity, we find better agreement of the assimilation results with nearby in situ tall tower and aircraft measurements. This highlights the potential importance of vertical sensitivity in these experimental data for constraining local surface emissions. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of the greater temporal coverage provided by TCCON with the spatial coverage of TROPOMI when these data are jointly assimilated. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/17341 Título : Evaluation of CMORPH V1.0, IMERG V07A and MSWEP V2.8 Satellite Precipitation Products over Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands Autor : García-Ten, Alejandro; Niclós, Raquel; Valor, Enric; Caselles, Vicente; Estrela Navarro, María José; Miró Pérez, Juan Javier; Luna Rico, Yolanda; Belda Esplugues, Fernando Resumen : Climate change is altering the global distribution of precipitation, especially in Mediterranean areas with heterogeneous climates. The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation complicates its monitoring. Satellite-derived precipitation products (SPPs) usually offer global continuous coverage at daily scale; however, their coarse spatial resolution and indirect measurement introduce relevant bias. We analysed the suitability of CMORPH V1.0, IMERG V07A and MSWEP V2.8 across Peninsular Spain and Balearic Islands using Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) gauge data as reference, and investigated performance dependence on seasonality, precipitation intensity, altitude and orography. CMORPH is not recommended and MSWEP is preferable over IMERG, although MSWEP performs worse for lighter intensities and summer. IMERG and MSWEP show mainly Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Probability of Detection (POD) >67%, and False Alarm Ratio (FAR) >30% (vice versa for CMORPH). All products overestimate with lower frequency but greater magnitude (at least twice the reference value). Monthly performance is better than daily, but with increased underestimation. Performance for spring and autumn is similar to overall performance, while summer presents the most divergent patterns. For heavier intensities, all products improve their correlation with reference data and their detection capabilities, but also increase their underestimation rate and magnitude. Worst performance occurs in those regions with simultaneously higher orographical complexity, annual precipitation and altitude. These SPPs should be used with caution, and we recommend first analysing their performance on the specific application of interest. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/17340 Título : “Godzilla” the Extreme African Dust Event of June 2020: Origins, Transport, and Impact on Air Quality in the Greater Caribbean Basin Autor : Mayol-Bracero, Olga L.; Prospero, Joseph M.; Sarangi, B.; Andrews, Elisabeth; Colarco, Peter Richard; Cuevas Agulló, Emilio; Girolamo, Paolo Di; García Cabrera, Rosa Delia; Gaston, C.; Holben, Brent N.; Ladino, Luis Antonio; León, P.; Losno, Remi; Martínez, O.; Martínez Huertas, B. L.; Méndez-Lázaro, P.; Molinie, J.; Muller-Karger, F.; Otis, D.; Raga, G.; Reyes, A.; Rosas Nava, J.; Rosas, D.; Sealy, Andrea; Serikov, I.; Tong, Daniel; Torres-Delgado, E.; Yu, H.; Zuidema, Paquita Resumen : In June 2020, the tropical Atlantic and the Caribbean Basin were affected by a series of African dust outbreaks unprecedented in size and intensity. These events, informally named “Godzilla,” coincided with CALIMA, a large field campaign, offering a rare opportunity to assess the impact of African dust on air quality in the Greater Caribbean Basin. Network measurements of respirable particles (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5) showed that dust significantly degraded regional air quality and increased the risk to public health in the Caribbean, the southern United States, northern South America, and Central America. CALIMA examined the meteorological context of Godzilla dust events over North Africa and how these conditions might relate to the greatly increased dust emissions and enhanced transport to the Americas. Godzilla was linked to strong pressure anomalies over West Africa, resulting in a large-scale geostrophic wind anomaly at 700 hPa over North Africa. We used surface-based and columnar measurements to test the performance of two frequently used aerosol forecast models: the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) and Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) models. The models showed some skills but differed substantially between their forecasts, suggesting large uncertainties in these forecasts that are critical for issuing early warnings of health-threatening dust events. Our results demonstrate the value of an integrated approach in characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of African dust transport and assessing its impact on regional air quality. Future studies are needed to improve models and to track the long-term changes in dust transport from Africa under a changing climate. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z