http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12312 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 04:56:39 GMT 2026-04-09T04:56:39Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11210 Título : A new WMO Guide for the measurement of cryospheric variables Autor : Smith, Craig D.; Thorsteinsson, Sigurdur; Heil, Petra; Fierz, Charles; Nitu, Rodica; Buisán Sanz, Samuel Tomás; Marty, Christoph; Haberkorn, Anna Resumen : The Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) is being developed by the WMO as a mechanism for providing dependable data, information, and analysis on the past, current, and future state of the cryosphere. To achieve its goals, GCW promotes consistent and sustainable measurements, of demonstrated quality, of all cryospheric components such as solid precipitation, snow, glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, icebergs, sea ice, lake and river ice, and permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. As part of the GCW Observations Working Group, a Best Practices team was tasked with compiling an authoritative guide on measurement best practices for cryospheric variables for use at the GCW CryoNet stations as well as broader applications involving cryospheric observations. Recognizing the complexity and diversity of this task, the first priority has been given to the development of best practices for snow, sea ice, and glaciers. The intent of the guide proposed by GCW is to fill a void where current measurement guidelines are incomplete or fragmented and to compile and update existing measurement procedures to reflect current technologies and associated recommendations. For example, results from the recently completed WMO Solid Precipitation Inter-Comparison Experiment (SPICE) are incorporated to add recommendations on the automated measurement of snow on the ground. The Guide for the Measurement of Cryospheric Variables will include specific chapters for each component of the cryosphere and a general chapter reflecting broader aspects of cryosphere observations. These will be published in conjunction with the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, WMO-No. 8, as it evolves to broaden its scope to include the full spectrum of observations within the context of the Integrated Global Observing System. This will ensure that the information will be widely accessible and used by the community. This presentation will provide an introduction to the new Guide for the Measurement of Cryospheric Variables and most recent developments. Descripción : Comunicación presentada en: TECO-2018 (Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation) celebrada en Amsterdam, del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2018. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11210 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11209 Título : A preliminary assessment of the biases between forecasted by ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction model precipitation and the adjusted observed snowfall precipitation in different SPICE sites Autor : Buisán Sanz, Samuel Tomás; Smith, Craig D.; Ross, Amber; Kochendorfer, John; Collado Aceituno, José Luis; Alastrué Tierra, José Javier; Wolff, Mareile; Roulet, Yves-Alain; Laine, Timo; Landolt, Scott; Rasmussen, Roy; Earle, Michael E.; Nitu, Rodica Descripción : Comunicación presentada en: TECO-2018 (Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation) celebrada en Amsterdam, del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2018. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11209 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11208 Título : Errors, Biases, and Corrections for Weighing Gauge Precipitation Measurements from the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment Autor : Kochendorfer, John; Nitu, Rodica; Wolff, Mareile; Rasmussen, Roy; Baker, Bruce; Earle, Michael E.; Reverdin, Audrey; Wong, Kai; Smith, Craig D.; Yang, Daqing; Roulet, Yves-Alain; Buisán Sanz, Samuel Tomás; Laine, Timo; Lee, Gyuwon; Collado Aceituno, José Luis; Isaksen, Ketil; Brækkan, Ragnar; Landolt, Scott; Jachcik, Al Resumen : Although precipitation has been measured for many centuries, precipitation measurements are still beset with significant biases and errors. Solid precipitation is particularly difficult to measure accurately, and biases between winter-time precipitation measurements from different measurement networks or different regions can exceed 100%. Using precipitation gauge results from the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE), errors in precipitation measurement caused by gauge uncertainty, spatial variability in precipitation, hydrometeor type, and wind are quantified. The methods used to calculate gauge catch efficiency and correct known biases are described briefly. Transfer functions describing catch efficiency as a function of air temperature and wind speed are also presented. In addition, the biases and errors associated with the use of a single transfer function to correct gauge undercatch at multiple sites are discussed. Descripción : Comunicación presentada en: TECO-2016 (Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation) celebrada en Madrid, del 27 al 30 de septiembre de 2016. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11208 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11207 Título : The WMO SPICE snow-on-ground intercomparison: an overview of sensor assessment and recommendations on best practices Autor : Smith, Craig D.; Morin, Samuel; Kontu, Anna; Buisán Sanz, Samuel Tomás; Arnold, L.; Hannula, Henna-Reetta; Leppänen, Leena; Senese, Antonella; Alastrué Tierra, José Javier; Collado Aceituno, José Luis; Diolaiuti, Guglielmina; Roulet, Yves-Alain; Nitu, Rodica; Reverdin, Audrey; Laine, Timo; Poikonen, Antti Resumen : One of the objectives of the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) was to assess the performance and capabilities of automated sensors for measuring snow on the ground (SoG), including sensors that measure snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE). The intercomparison focused on five snow depth sensors (models SHM30, SL300, SR50A, FLS-CH 10 and USH-8) and two SWE sensors (models CS725 and SSG1000) over two winter seasons (2013/2014 and 2014/2015). A brief discussion of the measurement reference(s) and an example of the intercomparisons are included. Generally, each of the sensors under test operated according to the manufacturer’s specifications and compared well with the site references, exhibiting high correlations with both the manual and automated reference measurements. The use of natural and artificial surface targets under snow depth sensors were examined in the context of providing a stable and representative surface for snow depth measurements. An assessment of sensor derived measurement quality and sensor return signal strength, where available as an output option, were analysed to help explain measurement outliers and sources of uncertainty with the goal of improving data quality and maximizing the sensor capabilities. Finally, where possible, relationships are established between the gauge measurement of solid precipitation and the measurement of snow on the ground. This paper will provide a brief summary of these results with more detail included in the WMO SPICE Final Report. Descripción : Comunicación presentada en: TECO-2016 (Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation) celebrada en Madrid, del 27 al 30 de septiembre de 2016. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/11207 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z